Effect of irrigation regimes and planting patterns on maize production in humid climates

Twin-row planting in maize (Zea mays L.) has potential for reducing plant-crowding stress optimizing grain yield and resource use. A study was conducted 2020 2021 on a Dundee silt loam the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) region of United States to evaluate irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) single-row (SR) twin-row (TR) patterns with same seed rate under four regimes: rainfed (RF), all-furrow (FI), alternate-furrow (AFI), every third-furrow (TFI). The TR enhanced by 9.2% 10.9% over SR system. average final plant density at reproductive phase highest AFI (73,900 ha−1) lowest RF (70,480 ha−1). Across all regimes, leaf area index significantly higher Average yields were 10.01, 10.44, 9.48 9.10 Mg ha−1, respectively, FI, AFI, TFI RF; 11.58, 11.32, 10.13 9.91 ha−1. FI recorded similar yields. IWUE (0.028 kg m−3), followed (0.024 m−3) AFI. 0.020 m−3 0.011 m−3. Economic analysis revealed that TR-FI TR-AFI had profits 446 432 US$ respectively. suggests producers LMD can save significant amount without compromising adapting AFI-TR